|
!=
;f+u7lgs ;[b[9Ls/0f
tyf k|zf;lgs Ifdtf / k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4 ;DalGw gLlt sfo{qmd
M
-s_ :yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnL adf]lhd tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf]
ljlgodnfO{ cem :ki6 agfpFb} o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog tkm{
cem kxn ul/g]5 .
-v_ gu/kflnsfsf]
;f+u7lgs ljsf;, ;+:yfut Ifdtf clej[l4, ljlQo Joj:yfkg tyf ;dfh
sNof0f ;DalGw sfo{sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu hgk|ltlglw,
sd{rf/L, ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ;j{;fwf/0ffdf tflnd tyf
cg'lzIf0f sfo{qmd dfkm{t Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOg] 5 .
-u_ :yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnLsf] dd{ adf]lhd ut aif{af6 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] gful/s j8f kq åf/f lgb]{lzt sfg"gL zf;g, kf/blz{tf,
hjfkmb]lxtf, pQ/bfloTj, k|efjsfl/tf tyf ;xeflutf h:tf
sfo{x?nfO{ 6f]n ;+u7gx?sf] ;d]t ;s[o ;xof]udf lg/Gt/tf lbOg]
5 .
-3_ gu/nfO{
a9L e/kbf]{ ;j{AofkL ljZjfl;nf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt
ub}{ ;"rgf, tYofÍ, ljj/0f / sfo{ k|0ffnLx?nfO{ ;do ;fk]If
j:t'k/s 9+uaf6 ljsf; ug{ :yflgo ljsf; ug{ :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfnosf] ;d]t ;xof]udf sDKo"6/sf] Joj:yf ;d]t ldnfO{ ;lsPsf]n]
sDKo"6/s[t Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ yk ljsf; ul/g]5 .
-ª_
sd{rf/Lx?sf] j[lQ–ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf ljsf;,
sd{rf/L b/aGbL >[hgf tyf ldnfg, kbk"lt{ tyf a9'jf, k'/:sf/
tyf b08, ;DalGw sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-r_ ;'rgf
k|lalwsf] k|of]un] ;'zf;g tyf k|efjsf/LtnfO{ a[lå ug{ ufFp–gu/
;fem]bf/L ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf gu/df O{– ueg]{G;sf]
z?jft ul/g] 5 .
@=
ljlQo Joj:yfkg tyf >f]t kl/rfng ;DalGwt gLlt sfo{qmd M
-s_
ljlQo >f]t ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg kIfnfO{ a}1flglss/0f ub}{ oyfy{
ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd gu/kflnsfn] nufpg tyf
p7fpg kfpg] s/, b:t'/ ;]jf z'Ns nufot g=kf= af6 k|bfg ul/g]
;]jf ;'ljwfx?nfO{ Ps4f/ k|0ffnLaf6 Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/fpg]
sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-v_ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn]
k|rlnt P]g lgod adf]lhd nufpg, p7fpg ;Sg] s/, b:t'/ z'Ns
lgwf{/0f ubf{ gu/jf;Lx?sf] hLjg:t/ / Jojxfl/skIfnfO{ ;d]t
wofgdf /flv ;Dk"0f{ gu/jf;LnfO{ :jtkm"{t s/sf] bfo/f leq
cfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpFb} /fh:j 5Ng] k||j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt
kfg{ k|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] JolQm jf ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ lghn] k'¥ofPsf]
;xof]u cg'?k k|fKt /fzLsf] lglZrt k|ltzt k|f]T;fxg :j?k
pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
-u_ /fh:j
cz'nL sfo{nfO{ j:t'k'/s / k|efjsf/L agfpg s/bftf / s/of]Uo
j:t'sf] cfjZos tYof+snfO{ cWofjlws ug]{ h:tf sfo{df pBf]u–Jofkf/
;+3 ;d]tnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg] 5 .
-3_ gu/kflnsfn]
;+rfng ug]{ ljljw lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx?sf]
b/ /]6 k|rlnt b/ /]6 eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L gu/kflnsf :jo+n]
lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|yfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf]n] Ps4f/ vl/b k|0ffnLnfO{
yk ljsf; ul/g]5 .
-ª_
gofF gofF cfo >f]tx?sf] klxrfg / lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf s/ b/aGbLx?nfO{
;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g, Jojxfl/s / Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{df cem a9L
hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
-r_
jt{dfg n]vf k|0ffnLnfO{ r':t b'?:t agfpg tyf a]?h' km:of}{6
/ Go"lgs/0f ug{ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fsf] sfo{qmd nfO{ ;'b[9
ub}{ nlug] 5 .
-5_ lj/f6gu/
pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf] n]vf k|0ffnLnfo{ ;+:yfut n]vf k|0ffnL -skf]{/]6
PsfpG6LË l;:6ddf_ df ?kfGt/0f ug]{ tkm{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ k"/f
ul/g]5 .
-h_
pTkfbg If]qdf nufgLsf] cg'kft j[l4 ub}{ gu/sf] ;j{Qf]d'vL
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu lgdf{0f u/, pkef]u u/ / x:tfGt/0f u/
-la=cf]=6L=_ k|0ffnL cGt/ut gLlh If]qnfO{ nfut ;xeflutfdf ;d]t
;l/s u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fOg] 5 .
-em_
ljB't k|flws/0f, b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfg, ljlQo ;+:yf nufotsf cGo
;+:yfx?nfO ;d]t gu/sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df nfut ;xeflutfdf
;l/s u/fpg ljz]if sfo{qmd dfkm{t cfslif{s ul/g] 5 .
-`_
gful/s ;dfhdf cg'Tkfbs ?kdf /x]sf] jrt /sdnfO{ gu/jf;Lx?s}
k|ToIf lxt / ;/f]sf/ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{x?df ;t\ k|ltzt g}
nufgL ug]{ ;t{df gu/ ljsf; C0f kq hf/L u/L >f]t kl/rfng ug]{
tkm{ ut jif{af6 ePsf] k|of;nfO{ oyfy{df Nofpg cfjZos kxn ul/g]5
.
#=
lgdf{0f tyf zx/L ljsf; ;DalGw gLlt sfo{qmd
-s_
nfut ;xefuLtf / ;xefuLtfTds ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd of]hgf
5gf}6, lgdf{0f, cg'udg, ;+rfng / dd{t ;Def/ ;d]tdf
hg;xeflutfdf h'6fpg] sfo{nfO{ ljut jif{x? em}+ o; jif{ klg
k|fyldstfsf ;fy lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 .
-v_
hg;xeflutfsf] l;4fGt adf]lhd 6f]n n]g ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+:yfut
;+/rgf k|bfg ub}{]{ ltgsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ /
æhg:t/
b]lv dfly;DdÆ
sf] gLlt -j6d ck Pk|f]r_ cg'?k qmdzM 6f]n, j:tL j8f ;ldlt
x'Fb} gu/kflnsfdf of]hgf k|:t't x'g] / ;f]xL adf]lhd
cfof]hgf ;+rfng tyf cg'udg ug]{ kl/kf6L{nfO{ yk Jojl:yt kfb}{
nlug] 5 .
-u_ gu/sf]
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] PsLs[t sfo{d"ns of]hgfsf af/]df
hgtfnfO{ a9L ;';'lrt kfb}{ gful/sx?sf] 3/b}nf] ;Dd a9L e/kbf]{
/ ;xh 9+un] ;]jf ;'ljwf k'ug] u/L ls6fg eO;s]sf d'Vo d'Vo
;8s clwsf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ub}{ gu/kflnsf If]qleq
x'g] s'g} klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ gS;f :jLs[lt, lgdf{0f O{hfht
/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0f kq lng' kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg / ljgf gS;f lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg e};s]sf] 3/ 6x/f jf
kvf{nx?nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] bfo/f leq Nofpg] tkm{ ;zQm / Jojxfl/s
?kdf eO/x]sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-3_
k"jf{wf/ ;'wf/ tyf lgdf[0f ;DalGw of]hgfx? ;Grfng ubf{ k"j{
lg0f{o eO{ ;s]sf / sfd ;+rfng e}/x]sf cw'/f cfof]hgfx? ;DkGg
ug]{ nufot ag]sf ;+/rgfx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{ ljut
jif{x?af6 z'? ul/Psf] ;8s, 9n, gfnf, k'n k'n];f, ejgx/sf]
dd{t ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fylstfsf;fy lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfo{nfO{
qmdz M rfn' /flvg]5 .
-ª_
jt{dfg cj:yfdf gLlhIf]qsf] ;xeflutf ljgf gu/kflnsfsf] ;Lldt
>f]tn] dfq hgtfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostf adf]lhd ;jf{lË0f ljsf;sf
k"jf{wf/x? tof/ ug{ sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf]n] gu/kflnsf, gful/s
;dfh / gLlhIf]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf h'6\g ;Sg] ;DefJo If]qdf
gd'gf cfof]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g] ul/Psf sfo{nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
-r_ gu/jf;Lx?af6
ljsf; lgdf{0f of]hgfx?sf] dfusf] rfk al9/x]sf] ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf] a9\bf] cfjZostf / g=kf=sf] ;Lldt >]ft ;fwgn] wfGg
g;Sg] x'Fbf ljut jif{sf] gLltnfO{ s]xL kl/jt{g u/L
hg;xeflutf / hgkl/rfngsf cfwf/df hg:t/af6 slDtdf @%Ü j8f
:t/Lo ah]6 af6 #%Ü / gu/:tLo ah]6af6 a9Ldf $)Ü nuft ;xeflutf
x'g] u/L k|:tfljt ljsf; cfof]hgfx? k|fyldstf ;"rLdf /fvL ;+rfng
ul/g]5 . j8fdf ljlgof]lht /sd dWo] #)Ü clgjfo{ ?kn]
hg;xeflutf h'6]sf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df vr{ ul/g] 5 . ;fy}
hg:t/af6 a9L eGbf a9L nfut ;xefuLtf h'6]sf cfof]hgfx?nfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g] / df}h'bf pkef]Qmf ;DalGw
gLltnfO{ a9L kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfpb} ;Dkgg cfof]hgfx?sf]
dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;=rfng ;d]t ;f]xL ;ldlt af6 x'g] u/L :yfoL
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt lgdf{0f ub}{ hfg] gLlt nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5
.
-5_
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf zx/L ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{, of]hgf
nuft, lgdf{0f cjwL ls6fg, ;+rfng / ;DkGg h:tf dxTjk"0f{
sfo{x?df /]vb]v tyf cg'udgsf nflu ;ldlt k4ltnfO{ ;'b[9 kfb}{
nlug] 5 .
-h_
afFsL /x]sf j8f ;ldlt ejg tyf j8f:tl/o lgdf{0f cfof]hgfx?sf]
cnfjf ut jif{af6 z'? eO{ cw'/f] cj:yfdf /x]sf gu/sf d'Vo ;Ldf
;8sx?, km'6kfy ;'wf/ kSsL gfnf lgdf{0f, nufot gu/sf d'Vo
d'Vo cGo ;8sx?sf] cfjZos dd{t ;'wf/ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]
5 .
-em_
o; gu/sf] JofKt 8'jfgsf] l:yltnfO{ cGTo ug{sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf]
u'? of]hgf adf]lhd ;d:ofu|:t j8fx?sf] kfgL lgsf; ug]{
sfo{nfo{ of]hgfa4 9+un] cl3 a9fO{g] 5 .
-`_ jL/]Gb|
;ef u[xsf] dfnkf]v/L :df/s lgdf{0fsf] u'?of]hgf tof/
eO;s]sfn] o;sf] tyf ;lxb :d[lt pBfg / xl/ofnL kfs{ lgdf{0f
sfo{x?nfO{ o;} jif{af6 cufl8 a9fO{g] 5 .
-6_
ufpF–gu/ ;fem]bf/L ;+u ePsf ;Demf}tf cg'?kdf s[lif ahf/–;]8
lgdf{0f, j8f g+=! sf] tyf emfkf j}hgfyk'/ uflj; / gu/ pQ/L
If]qnfO{ hf]8\g] k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f ug'{sf] ;fy} hfkfgL ;xof]u
;+:yf æhfO{sfÆ sf] ;xof]udf j8f g+= !) / !! sf] xf6vf]nfdf
lgdf{0f x'g] Jojl:yt s[lif ahf/ s]Gb| h:tf k|fljlws sf/0fn]
cw'/f /xg uPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ ;dodf g} sfof{Gjogdf nufOg] 5 .
-7_
hg;xeflutfdf j8f g+= !!,!* s6x/L uflj; / eftLu+h uflj;
hf]8\g] l;+lwof k'n lgdf{0f, j8f g+= @) sf] j:tf k}gL k'n
lgdf{0f, a;kfs{ ;'wf/, gu/sf ljleGg rf}s ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ug]{
sfo{x?nfO{ k"/f ul/g]5 .
-8_ gu/sf]
d"n ;8sx?df qmdzM a9\b} uO/x]sf] ;jf/L rfksf sf/0f gu/jf;L
hgd;'bfodf k/]sf] s7LgfO{ tyf ;Defljt b'3{6gfx?nfO{ ;d]t
Wofg /flv ;jf/L cfjfudgsf] nflu j}sNkLs Joj:yfsf nflu ls6fg
ul/Psf] l;6L ?6sf] :t/ a[l4 ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5 .
-9_ gu/
ljsf; sf]ifsf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf xfn k|fljlws cWoog sfo{ eO/x]sf]
o; gu/sf] d'6'df cjl:yt j8f g+= !$ sf] u'b|L ahf/ If]qnfo{
;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ ;jf/L kfls{Ësf nflu e"ldut kfls{Ë ;lxtsf]
d'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb| -ljzfn ahf/_ sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{
ePsf]n] pQm sfo{sf nflu gLlh If]qsf] ;d]t nfut ;xeflutf /xg]
u/L cfjZos tof/L k"/f ug{ ut jif{ af6 eO/x]sf] k|of;nfO{
clGtd ?k lbOg] 5 .
-0f_
j8f g+= !% l:yt 8'd6f]nL jf;:yfgsf] lx;fjn] ctL ;fF3'/f] /
cJojl:yt cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] pQm 8'd j:tLnfO{ lghx?n] k/Dk/f
b]lv ub}{ cfPs]f] j}slNks Joj;fonfO{ ;d]t d2t k'ug] u/L
Jojl:yt ug{ clt cfjZos b]lvPsfn] kfos kg]{ :yfgsf] Joj:yf
u/L :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ tyf xfn 8'd 6f]nL /x]sf] :yfgnfO{ s[lif
ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g] sfo{nfO{ o; jif{
k"/f ul/g]5 .
-t_
;8s, vfg]kfgL, ljB't tyf b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfg h:tf lgsfox?åf/f o;
gu/leq ;+rfng ul/g] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;DalGwt
lgsfo / o; pk–dxfgu/kflnsfjLr ;dGjo sfod u/L ;dGjofTds ?kdf
of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] tkm{ yk kxn ul/g] 5
.
-y_
6«s kfls{Ë :ynsf] klxrfg u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfof{/De ug{ ;DalGwt
Joj;foL tyf ;+3x? ;+u ;dGjo u/L lgdf{0f sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3
a9fpg k|of; ul/g] 5 .
-b_ gu/
aflx/af6 k|j]z ug]{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL kfx'gfx?sf] :jfutsf
nflu lgdf{0fflwg /x]sf] :jfut 4f/ o; jif{ k"/f ul/g]5 . ;fy}
cfsf;] k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu ;DefJotf cWoog l8hfOg, 8«OË /
:6Ld]6 ;d]tsf] sfo{ k"/f e};s]sf] o;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3
a9fOg] 5 . kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/af6
k|fKt cg'bfg ;d]t u/L Nof08lkmN8 ;fOhsf] hUuf vl/b u/L cGo
cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 .
$= ;dfh
sNof0f tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; ;DalGw gLlt sfo{qmd
-s_
hg:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{
-
vfB
cg';Gwfg zfvfnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/n] ;'ljwf ;DkGg agfpFb}
hgtfsf] :jf:Yo ;+u k|ToIf ;DjGw /x]sf] vfB kbfy{x?df x'g ;Sg]
cjflG5t ld;fj6 /f]Sg, :jf:Yo k|lts'n c;/ kfg]{ sd u'0f:t/sf
j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg, ;+ro tyf ljlqm ljt/0f nfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy
lgoGq0f ug{ / :j:Yo df5f–df;' ljlqmljt/0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L
9+uaf6 Jojl:yt ub}{ nlug] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-
hg:jf:Yosf] If]qdf O{G;]kmnfO{l6; lgoGq0f, afnaflnsfx?sf
nflu kf]lnof] / cGo vf]k, le6fldg æPÆ sfo{qmd, lgz'Ns :jf:Yo
lSnlgs ;+rfng, o"=Pg=l8=lk=÷ufpF ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf
P8\; lgoGq0f sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf P8\; lgoGq0f sfo{qmd, dxfdf/L
lgoGq0f, e':ofxf s's'/ tyf cGo 5f8f rf}kfof lgoGq0f, 3'lDt :jf:Yo
l;lj/ ;+rfng, PDa'n]G;, bdsn, zj–jxfg ;]jfx?nfO{ yk Jojl:yt
ul/g]5 .
-
sf]zL
c~rn c:ktfnnfO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg agfpb} nfg] tkm{ c:ktfnsf]
ef}lts ;'wf/sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;fy} cGo bft[ ;+:yfx?sf]
;d]t Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] tyf gu/kflnsf af6 ;d]t ;DefJo cfly{s
;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-
gu/
If]qaf6 lgisf;g x'g] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] pTkfbgdf g} sdL Nofpg
tyf lg:sfl;t kmf]xf]/nfO{ ;'/lIft lj;h{g ug{ / gu/ ;kmfO{
sfo{qmdnfO{ cem Jofks / k|efjsf/L agfpb} ;+snLt kmf]xf]/
d}nfsf] 5gf}6 u/L dfgj pkof]uL sfo{df k'gM k|of]u u/L jftfj/0fLo
;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ljutaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] gLlh If]qsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfnfO{
k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] u/L lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
k|To]s
6f]n tyf j:tLx?df 6f]n ;+u7gx? kl/rfng u/L kmf]xf]/ d}nf
lzIff sfo{qmd dfkm{t hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ nufot o:tf dfgj
pkof]uL sfo{df ljBfno lzIfs lzlIfsf tyf ;fdflhs ;+w ;+:yfx?nfO{
;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf x]lNb
l;6L sfo{qmd ;`rfng ul/g]5 .
-
cfˆgf]
3/ k;naf6 lg:sf;g x'g] kmf]xf]/nfO{ gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf
tf]s]sf] ;dofjwL leq gkmfnL hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ kmfNg]
k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt kfb}{ x/ xd];f 3/, cfFug / k;n cuf8L ;kmf
/fVg]nfO{ k'/:sf/ tyf kmf]xf]/ ug]{nfO{ b08 hl/jfgf ug]{
lgtLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
;8s
k]6L cltqmd0-f u/L Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt /
lgoGq0f ug]{ tyf To:tf vfn] unt sfo{ ug]{nfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy sf/jfxL
ul/g]5 .
-
clgolGqt 9+uaf6 x'g] t/sf/L a]rlavg tyf kz'–awsf sf/0f gu/nfO{
b'u{lGwt x'g glbg tyf c:j:Yo df5f df;' / t/sf/Lx?sf] pkef]un]
hgtfsf] :jf:Yosdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbg o; gu/If]q leq
cfw'lgs / Jojl:yt kz' jwzfnf lgdf{0f / s[lif jhf/ ;DalGw ;DefJotf
cWoog, l8hfOg / 8«OË sfo{ sl/a k"/f eO{;s]sf]n] o;nfO{ lghL
If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g] 5 .
-v_
jftfj/0f tyf e"—;+/If0f
-
gu/If]qsf
d'Vo tyf ;xfos ;8sx?df j[If/f]k0fsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{
nlu lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ xl/t gu/Lsf] ?kdf ;d]t ljsf;
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
k|To]s
3/wgLn] 3/ lgdf[0f ubf{ cfˆgf] 3/ cfFug cufl8 slDtdf tLg a6f
;hfj6 o"Qm km"n lj?jf clgjfo{ /f]Kg' kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ rfng' /flvg]
5 .
-
@)
dfO{qmf]g eGbf tnsf Knfli6s emf]nf lgoGq0fsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;d]t ;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf ;+rfng gePsf jf
x'g] sfo{qmdnfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .
-
l;+luof
tyf s]zlnof gbLn] k'¥ofpg ;Sg] IftLnfO{ Wofgdf /flv gbL
vf]nf t6aGw sfo{nfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / cGo
;xof]uL ;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf cufl8 a9fO{g] 5 .
-
jftfj/0fLo
k|b'i0f Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;xof]uL bftf /fi6« tyf ;+:yfx? ;+u
;dGjo u/L ljljw sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fO{g] 5 .
-u_
lzIff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt ;+rf/ tyf v]ns'b
-
;fj{hlgs
If]qsf k|fylds tyf df=lj= / pRr df=lj=x?sf] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf
;'wf/ tyf :t/ j[l4 gd"gf k|fylds ljBfno ;+rfng h:tf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
gu/sf]
z}lIfs :t/nfO{ a[l4 ug{ gu/If]q leqsf ;fj{hlgs lawfnox?nfO{
:jf:Yo k|lt:kwf{df Nofpg cfjfZos sfo{qmd th'{df tyf
sfo{Gjogsf nflu Ps cWoog cg'udg ;ldltsf] Aoj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
-
hg–;flxTo,
snf, hg–;F:s[lt / v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nflu rflnPsf pko'Qm /
k|efjsf/L sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cl3 a9fOg] 5 .
-
o; pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn]
;+rfng tyf ;Dkfbg u/]sf tyf ug]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf af/]df
gful/s ;dfh ;xh 9+uaf6 ;xL ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{ x]t'n] ufpF –gu/
;fem]bf/L ljsf; sfo{qmd dfkm{t :yflkt gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb|nfO{
cem Jojl:yt kfb}{ ;Dej eP ;ddsf cGo ;xof]uL ;+:yfx? ;+u ;d]t
;dGjo u/L ljleGg k|sfzgsf cltl/Qm ljB'lto ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6
æ:yfgLo gu/ ;+rf/ sfo{qmdÆ ;d]t ;+rfng ul/g] lgtLnfO{
sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g] 5 .
-
dfGotf
k|fKt kq klqsf tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] ;xL ;"rgf
;Dk|]if0f u/]sf] cfwf/df ;Sbf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
-3_
ljljw
-
dlxnf
ljsf;, dlxnf :j/f]huf/ tyf dlxnf zzlqms/0f ;DalGw
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 .
-
c;xfo
j[4–j[4fx?, cGwf, ckfË ljwjf ;xof]u ;DjlGw ;fdflhs
sfo{qmdnfO{ s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmd ;+u ;dGjo u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sfof{gjog ul/g'sf] ;fy}{ j8f g+= !! df Ps j[4f>d lgdf{0f ul/g]5
.
-
lgDg
cfo ePsf hgtfx?sf nflu ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf ;+rfng ul/Psf ;fdflhs
k"FhL lgdf{0f tyf ;+:yfut ljsf; / jrt, pBd–ljsf;, k|ljlw
x:tfGt/0f, :j/f]huf/ ljsf;, n3' C0f ;xof]u, ahf/ ljsf;
sf]ifsf] kl/rfng, u|fdL0f / gu/ >d ;+of]hg tyf u|fdL0f ahf/
s]Gb| ljsf; k|of; h:tf sfo{qmdx? cToGt k|efjsf/L /x]sf]n]
tLgsf] :yfloTj / ljsf;sf nflu ufpF – gu/ ;fem]bf/L ljsf;
sfo{qmdnfO{ g=kf=df cGtl/lss/0f u/L cfjZos >d ;fwgsf] kof{Kt
Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
-
cf}Bf]lus gu/LOsf] ?kdf ;d]t kl/lrt /x]sf] o; gu/kflnsf
If]qleq jf l;dfgf cf;kf;df ;+rflnt pBf]ux?sf] ;+/If0f ub}{
;'dw'/ cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]usf
nflu ;dGjofTds e"ldsf v]lng] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
gu/sf
d'Vo s]Gb|x?df /fli6«o JolStTjx?sf] k|ltdf :yfkgf ug]{
gLltnfO{ cl3 a9fO{g] 5 .
-
gu/If]q
leqsf lg/If/x?sf] jf:tljs tYofÍsf] cfwf/df ;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
-
o"lg;]km, PS;g P8, cfO=Pn. cf]=, lk=lk=lk=o"=O{=, l;d÷Pg,
ufpF gu/ ;fem]bf/L ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cGo bft[ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf
lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfåf/f ;+rflnt ljkgg ju{ tyf hf]lvddf
k/]sf afnaflnsfx?sf nflu Plss[t zx/L afn ljsf; sfo{qmd, afn
lzIff, afn ljsf; s]Gb| jfn >lds k|lzIf0f nufot /f]huf/d"ns
tflnd, jftfj/0f ;'wf/, u/LjL lgjf/0f tyf :j/f]huf/L h:tf
sfo{qmdx?df lglh If]q;+usf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ul/g]
5 .
-
o; gu/nfO{
ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf ;d]t ljsf; ug{ wfld{s d7, dlGb/ nufot
k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfgx?s] ;+/If0f / ;dj4{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{
cem Jofks agfO{g] 5 .
-
lk5l8Psf hftL hghftLnfO{ ;fdflhs ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{
k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
-
dfgjLo
;Eotf lj?4 cle;fksf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] nfu" cf}ifw tyf
r]nLa]6L a]rlavg h:tf ;fdflhs lj;+utL Pj+ ljs[lt lj?4 ;+rfng
x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?df xfd|f] k"0f{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g hf/L /xg]
5 .
-
gu/kflnsfdf
/x]sf] ;efsIfnfO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; s]Gb|sf] ?kdf
k"0f{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .
-
gu/If]qdf
;~rflnt 6]Dkf], 6]S;L tyf l/S;fx? lgoldt / lgoGq0f ug]{ tyf
ef8f b/ pko'Qm / Jojxfl/s ?kd lgwf{/0f u/L Jojxfl/s agfOg] 5
;fy} ;jf/L rfnssf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f, rfns Ohfht kl/If0f ug]{
/ l/S;fsf] b/ /]6 ;"rL l/S;f rfnsn] clgjfo{ ?kn] ofq'nfO{
b]vfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
-
gu/kflnsfn]
;+o'St ?kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f ;+u ;DalGwt
;+3, ;+:yf nufot ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L sfof{no / ;+:yfx? ;+u
;dGjo u/L lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
-
cJojl:yt / cgflws[t a;f]af; x6fO{ ;'/lIft ul/Psf ;fj{hlgs :ynx?nfO{
cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L kfs{ nufotsf ljljw lgdf{0f sfo{ cuf8L
a9fOg] 5 .
-
ufpF gu/sf]
cGt/;DjGwnfO{ cem ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy xfn :yflkt ePsf] /
cj x'g] u|fdL0f ahf/ s]Gb| ljsf; k|of;nfO{ ltgLx?n]
cGt{;DjGw ljsf; / ul/jL lgjf/0fdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg tyf
k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/df lg/Gt/tf lbg sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt ahf/
s]Gb|af6} ;[lht ahf/ ljsf; sf]ifsf] cfDbfgL dfkm{t vr{
Joxf]g{} u/L ahf/ s]Gb| pTk|]/ssf] Joj:yf / ;+u7gfTds ;'wf/
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fO{g] 5 .
-
@! ;f}+
ztfAbLdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ ul/jL lgjf/0fsf]
If]qdf pkof]u ug{ ufpF gu/ ;fem]bf/L ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf
la=6'=la=O{= sdz{ nfO{ o;} jif{af6 nfu" ul/g] 5 .
-;fef/
Mlj/f6gu/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsf 5}7f}+ gu/ kl/ifb cf=j= )%(.)^) sf]
jh]6 jStJoaf6_
/fxt
;+sngdf 6f]n ;+u7g
t]x|y'dsf]
Dofªn'Ë ahf/df d+;L/ @@ ut] @)%( df ePsf] eLifg cfunfuLaf6
lkl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt tyf Dofun'Ë ahf/ k'gM lgdf{0f tyf
k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu æt]x|y'dsf cUgL lkl8tnfO{ x[bo b]lv g} ;xof]u
u/f}Æ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy lj/f6gu/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf @@ j6}
j8fsf s[ofzLn #@! 6f]n ;+u7gsf cWoIfx? d"n ;ldltdf /xg] u/L
æcUgL lkl8t /fxt ;+sng d"n ;ldlt ;+o'St ;+u7g lj/f6gu/Æ )%(
kf}if ( ut] u7g u/L % ;b:oLo sfo{ ;ldlt k'?iff]Qd jxfb'/
>]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf uf]ljGb e§/fO{, s]bf/ sfsL{, >LdtL zf]ef
>]i7 / >LdtL aLgf yfkf ;d]t u7g u/L j8f :t/Lo 6f]n e]nf u/fpFb}
/fxt ;+sng 3/b}nf] cleofgdf Jofks 5nkmn u/L xfn;Dd $* j6f
6f]n ;+u7gx?af6 ?= *),%)).@& /fxt ;+sng e};s]sf] 5 . of] /fxt
;+sng oxL r}q dlxgf leq} ;Dk"0f{ /sd k'g:yf{kgf ;ldltnfO{
Dofªn'Ë d} 6f]n ;+u7g k|ltlglwx? :jod uO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{
sfo{qmd /x]sf] s'/f sfo{ ;ldltsf ;b:o s]bf/ sfsL{ jtfpg'
x'G5 .
xfd|f] cg'/f]w
;d:t kf7s
tyf z'e]R5'sx?af6 o; lj/f6gu/ cGt/;DjGw q}dfl;s a'n]l6gsf
nflu cd"No ;'emfj tyf k|lts[ofx? k7fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg' x'g
cg'/f]w ul/G5 ;fy} lj/f6gu/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;;+u ;DjlGwt
/x]sf n]v /rgf tyf sfo{qmd ultljlwx? ;fy} 6f]n ;+u7gx?
cGtut{sf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ultljlwx? k7fO{ ;xof]u u/L lbg'
x'g ;d]t cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
–;Dkfbs
gu/
;"rgf s]Gb|
lj/f6gu/
pk–dxfgu/kflnsfdf gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ePkl5 gu/kflnsf;+u
;DjlGwt /x]sf ;"rgfx?n] ;j{;fwf/0f ljsf; ;+u ;DjlGwt
;+3÷;+:yf tyf cWoog cg';Gwfgsf nflu Ps ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng]
;fy} gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf 5gf}6 / sfof{Gjog tx ;Dd ;xof]u
k'Ug] b]lvG5 . o; gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb|df gu/sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s,
ef}uf]lns cj:yf j8f :t/Lo ;"rgf, gu/:t/Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnL,
ufpF gu/ cGt/ ;DaGwsf ljsf; ;+u ;DjlGwt cWoog÷;"rgf k|0ffnL
gu/kflnsfsf] >f]t gS;f h:df gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgf, If]qkmn
hg;+Vof, e"—jgf}6, w/ftnLo l:ylt, glbgfnf, gx/, s'nf] k}gL,
;8s, uNnL, uf]/]6f], xjfO{ d}bfg, j; lj;f}gL, v]n d}bfg,
pBfg, ;efu[x :jf:Yo rf}sL, c:ktfn, pkrf/ s]Gb|, 6]lnkmf]g,
ljB't, vfg]kfgL, s[lif, If]q, jg If]q, jhf/ If]q, cfjf; If]q,
cflb ;du| tYofÍ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;}u/L gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb|df s[lif
pkh t/sf/L,, kmnkm"n cflbsf] b}lgs yf]s jhf/ d"No g]kfnsf @)
gu/sf] ;"rgf ;+slnt u/L lj/f6gu/ u'b|L jhf/, /+u]nL, s6x/Ldf
k7fOg] ;d]t Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . o;y{ ;j{;fwf/0f ,;DjlGwt
;+3÷;+:yf,pBdL Joj;foL, cWoog/t ljBfyL{ ljleGg k]zfdf ;+nUg
/xg' ePsf ;DjGwLt lgsfo÷ JolQmx?nfO{ gu/ ljsf; k|of;df gu/kflnsfn]
lglb{i6 u/]sf] lgodfg';f/ kmfObf lng gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb| xflb{s
cg'/f]w ub{5 .
— lj/f6gu/
pk–dxfgu/kflnsf gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb|
|